Tuesday, 28 May 2024

Gaelic Vocabulary

Vocabulary

[Nb: words in bold text are those I have recently got wrong]
  1. Taing (tyne-g) - thanks
  2. Halò (hal-oh) - hello
  3. Agus (eh-oos/ag-us) - and
  4. Siúcar (shoo-carh) - sugar
  5. Bainne (banya) - milk
  6. Forca (for-sca) - fork
  7. Spáin (span-e) - spoon
  8. Céic (cay-ke) - cake
  9. Tioraidh (cheer-ee) - bye
  10. Cáise (cash-a) - cheese
  11. Blasta (blast-a) - tasty
  12. Hama (ham-a) - ham
  13. Tha (ha) - is; there is; there are
  14. Aran (a-ran) - bread
  15. Rís (ree-sh) - rice
  16. Ím (eem) - butter
  17. Uisge (ish-ka) - water
  18. No (noh) - or
  19. Piobar (pee-par) - pepper
  20. Biadh (bee-agh) - food
  21. Salann (sa-wan) - salt
  22. Math (mah) - good
  23. Chan eil (han eel) - No; is not; does not
  24. Tomato (tomato) - tomato
  25. Iasg (ee-asg) - fish
  26. Sailead (sah-lad) - salad
  27. Brot (bra-ht) - soup
  28. Le (leh/lay) - with
  29. Feasgar (fees-gard) - evening/afternoon
  30. Madainn (matt-ing) - morning
  31. Balach (bal-loch) - boy
  32. Caileag (cal-ack) - girl [pl. -an]
  33. Beag (bick) - small, little [Lenited: Bheag (vick)]
  34. Tidsear (teach-err) - teacher
  35. Coir (corrs/core) - kind [Fem. Choir (hoar)]
  36. Eun (ee-an) - bird
  37. Blath (blah) - warm [Fem. Bhlath (vlah)]
  38. Oidhche (eee-chah) - night
  39. Pàrant (parr-ant) - parent
  40. á (ah) - from
  41. Canada (Canada) - Canada
  42. Alba (alah-ba) - Scotland
  43. Glaschu (glass-a-who) Glasgow
  44. Mór (moré) - big
  45. Sasainn (sas-ine) - England
  46. Lunnainn (lun-aine) - London
  47. Sinn (sheen) - we
  48. Baile (bal-ah) - town [bailtean]
  49. Snog (snock) - nice
  50. Éirinn (ayr-rin) - Ireland
  51. Eósaph (iosaph) - Joseph
  52. Sgoil (skoll) - school
  53. Ann an (aown an) - in, of the, of, will.
  54. Faisg air (fashg is/eid) - near to
  55. Inbhir Nis (inyad nish) - Inverness
  56. Cat (caht) - cat
  57. Cú (coo) - dog (m)
  58. Peata (Peta) - a pet
  59. Aig - has, at, have
  60. Cearc (kee-ark) - chicken
  61. Muc (mook) - pig
  62. Each (ee-ach; echh) - horse
  63. Geal (gee-al) - white
  64. Tunnag (toonak) - duck
  65. Bó (bow) - cow
  66. Caora (curr-a) - sheep
  67. Agam (ag-am) - my
  68. Uan (oo-an) - lamb (m)
  69. Piseag (pee-shak) - kitten
  70. Cuilean (coo-line) - puppy (m)
  71. Luch (looch) - mouse
  72. Coineanach (connor-nach) - rabbit
  73. Agad - (agatt) - at you
  74. Isean (eeshan) - chick; young small animal (m)
  75. Barraigh (ba-rye) - Barra
  76. Is (iss) - be (copula, used before: mise, tusa, sinne, etc) 
  77. mise (misha) - me, I (first person singular; emphatic)
  78. Ceart (cursht) - right
  79. Is tusa (iss toosa) - you are
  80. Thusa (oosa) - you (2nd person singular; emphatic)
  81. Có (coh) - who, where, whom
  82. Sibhse (sheevsha) - you (2nd person plural; emphatic)
  83. Óg (ogg) - young
  84. Ceárr (care) - wrong
  85. sinne (shin-ah/sheenya) - we, us (emphatic)
  86. Léine (lean-ya) - shirt (f)
  87. Cóta (cort-a) - coat (m)
  88. Air (ith) - on
  89. Sgiort (skeert) - skirt
  90. Léine-t (lean-ya t) - t-shirt 
  91. Bonaid (bon-atch) - hat or bonnet
  92. Brógan (brogan) - shoes [sing. bròg; dat. bròig]
  93. Orm (oram) - on, on me
  94. Dreasa (dressa) - dress
  95. Aodach (er-doch) - clothes
  96. Glan (glan) - clean
  97. Ort (orst) - on you
  98. Geansaidh (gen-see) - sweater (m)
  99. Briogais (breegas/brickish) - trousers (f)
  100. Féileadh (fee-liagh) - kilt
  101. a-nis (a-nish) - now [a-do; nish-now]
  102. Seacaid (sha-cadge] - jacket
  103. Ciamar (kim-argh) - How?
  104. Fáilte (fal-char) - Welcome
  105. Sibh (shiv) - you
  106. Gu math (goo math) - really well; really
  107. Ceist (keesht) - question
  108. Iad (ee-ad) - they/them
  109. Saor (surr) - free, cheap, a carpenter
  110. Cho (ho) - so, as, such
  111. Eile (eela) - another, other, else
  112. Againn (a-geen) - we have
  113. Úine (oon-ye) - time
  114. a-máireach (amah-roch) - tomorrow
  115. a' dannsa (darn-cer) - dancing; dancer (not preceded by the 'a')
  116. Seall (sheall) - look 
  117. Caraid (carriage) - friend
  118. i (ee) - (1) she, it, her (2) it is
  119. Éist (eesht) - listen
  120. Annasach (anna-sach) - unusual
  121. Slaodach (sloo-doch) - slow
  122. Óran (au-ran) - songs, song
  123. a' seinn (shane) - singing
  124. Geama (gemma with hard 'g') - game
  125. e (eh) - he
  126. Cluiche (clusha) - playing
  127. Leabhar (law-ahd) -book
  128. Úr (oo'd) - new
  129. Leughadh (ley-vig) - reading
  130. fhathast (hast) - still, yet
  131. Fuar (fuar) - cold
  132. Grianach (gree-an-och) - sunny
  133. an-diugh (an-due) - today 
  134. Fliuch (flew-ch) - wet
  135. Dorcha (dorra-ka) - dark
  136. a-muigh (a-moy) - outside
  137. Teth (chay) - hot
  138. Garbh - (gah-rav) - rough, wild
  139. Gránda (grahn-day) - ugly, horrible
  140. Nach eil...? - isn't it...?
  141. Gaothach (goo-hoch) - windy, flatulent
  142. Álainn (ah-lane) - lovely
  143. a' fás (fahrse) - getting, growing
  144. Dé (jay) - what, what's, which
  145. a' dol (ah doll) - going 
  146. Móran (more-an) - much, many
  147. Chairdean (heart-chan) - friends
  148. ás (AHss) - from, of him 
  149. Cuidich (COOT-ich) - help
  150. Fhéin (hayne) - self, intensifier (e.g. with 'math' = excellent)
  151. Tapadh leat (tapar lairt) - Thank you [Tapadh leibh (Tapar laive)]
  152. Sin (shinn) - That, that is, there is
  153. Rithist (Ree-isht) - again
  154. Can (can) - say [Can sin a-tithist]
  155. Obh obh (ohv ohv) - oh dear
  156. Na gabh dragh (na gav drahg) - do not worry
  157. 'S e do bhea
  158. (shay doh veah-heh) - you're welcome ['S e ur beatha (plural)]
  159. Cuideachd (coodjack) - also
  160. Feumaidh (fee-meh) - need, must, needs
  161. Falbh (falav) - go, leave - phrase Feumaidh mi flabh 
  162. Mar (margh) - like, as, how - phrase Mar sin leat
  163. Cloc (cloch) - clock
  164. Cia mheud (kia viet) - how many?
  165. Seómar (show-mar) - room [pl. seómraichean]
  166. Glas (glas) - locks, grey, lock
  167. Doras (Dor-as) - doors [pl. dorsan]
  168. Taigh (Tay) - house [pl. taighean]
  169. Aon (urn) - one
  170. Dá (dah) - two
  171. Tri (tree) - three
  172. Amar (ama) - bathtub
  173. Sinc (?) - sink
  174. Aige (aiga) - at him 
  175. Uinneag (oon-yack) - window [pl. Uinneagan]
  176. An t-uisge (an tooshka) - rain
  177. Ceó (kiaow) - mist
  178. Bótannan (bOrtan-an) boots
  179. Damhan-allaidh (daff-in-ally) - spider
  180. Díle (jeela) - downpour
  181. Tioram (ch-ee-ram) - dry
  182. Ach (ach) - but
  183. Sneach (sneeyak) - snow
  184. Reóthadh (roh-ag/row-oo) - frost
  185. Dona (donna) - bad
  186. Stoirm (stir-um) - storm
  187. Dealanaich (jal-anich) - lightning
  188. Táirneanaich (tarn-anich) - thunder
  189. Bog (boak) - soaking; soft
  190. t-side (cheecher) - weather
  191. Déanamh (gee-an-av) - making, doing
  192. Coltach (coll-och) - like, alike, similar
  193. Ris (reesh) - to it, with, as
  194. Suiteas (sweetas) - sweets
  195. Súgh (Sue) - juice
  196. Leann (loon) - beer
  197. An (un) - the, of the, will
  198. Uachdar (ooh-ach-ga) - cream
  199. Ag ól (ag all) - drinking
  200. Fion (fee-an) - wine
  201. Am (am) - the, will, their
  202. Paidh (pie) - pie
  203. Mions (munce) - mince
  204. Botal (botal) - bottle (pl. botail)
  205. Orainsear (orange-cert) - orange
  206. Isbean (ishban) - sausage
  207. Ubhal (oo-al) - apple
  208. Ugh (ooh) - egg
  209. Ag ithe (ag eecha) - eating
  210. Bruich (broo-eech) - cooked
  211. Reóiteag (raw-chak) - ice cream [pl. +an (raw-chick'n)
  212. Agaibh (ag av) - you have, at you
  213. Uinnean (oonyan) - onion [pl. uinneanan]
  214. Piotsa (peetsa) - pizza
  215. Curran (cooran) - carrot [pl. currain]
  216. Toil (tul) - inclination, will, wish
  217. Leam - prepositional pronoun [le + mi] - with me
  218. Agaibh (ag av/ag ooo) - you have, at you
  219. Piuthar (pure-d) - sister
  220. Athair (ah-hed) - father
  221. Máthair (mar-hed) - mother
  222. Bráthair (brar-hed) - brother
  223. Clann (clown) - children [dative: cloinn]
  224. Seanair (shinner) - grandfather
  225. Aca (ach-ger) they have, their, at them
  226. Onarach (honour-ach) - honest
  227. Laghach (law-ach) -pleasant, kind, nice
  228. Seanmhair (shinnavad) - grandmother
  229. Bean (bayne) - wife
  230. Toilichte (toll-ich- ger) - happy
  231. Nighean (nee-ann) - daughter
  232. Duine (din-ya) - husband
  233. Leanabh (yann-av) - baby
  234. Uncail (uncle) - uncle
  235. Antaidh (anti) - aunty
  236. Bréagha (bree-ah) - pretty
  237. Bráithrean (bra-than) - brothers
  238. Athraichean (ah-reech-an) - fathers
  239. Peathraichean (pe-reech-an) sisters
  240. Máthraichean (mah-reech-an) mothers
  241. Dubh (do) - black
  242. Staidhre (stay-da) - staircase (f)
  243. Ialtag (eel-tack) - bat
  244. Sgeith (skee) - flying
  245. Eaglais (ee-clish) - church
  246. Nathair (nah-hed) - snake
  247. Eala (ella) - swans
  248. Obair (oh-bid) - job/work
  249. Réis (reesh) - race
  250. Gu mór (goo more) - a lot
  251. Grian (gree-an) - the sun [dative: gréin]
  252. Gáidhlig (garlic) - Gaelic
  253. Clach (clach) - stone
  254. Asal (ass-ol) - donkey
  255. Feannag (fenn-ak) - crow
  256. Fiacail (fee-ach-al) - tooth [pl. fiaclan]
  257. Feórag (fee-or-ak) - squirrel
  258. Súil (sue-ll) - eye [pl. súilean]
  259. Sráid (sradge) - street
  260. Slige (slee-geh) - shell
  261. Idir (ee-cher) - at all
  262. Sgian (skee-an) - knife
  263. Rathad (rah-had) - road
  264. Stais (stash) - moustache
  265. Smiogaid (smee-gatch) chin
  266. Sgillinn (skeelin) - penny [sgilleannan]
  267. Cóig (coy-g) - five
  268. Ceithir (kay-ath) - four
  269. Bátaichean (bah-tee-can) - boats
  270. Sia (shia) - six
  271. Faighinn (fye-inn) - getting
  272. Ochd (och) - eight
  273. Seachd (shach-d) - seven
  274. Latha (lah-ah) - day
  275. Is (is) - and
  276. Naoi (nooj) - nine
  277. Radan (rat-an) - rat
  278. Not (nort) - pound [pl. notaichean]
  279. Deich (jaich) - ten
  280. Purpaidh (pur-peeh) - purple
  281. Orains (orange) - orange
  282. e - (eh) - it/he [Nb: i (ee) - it/she]
  283. Cuir (cood) - put, plant [verb: a' cur]
  284. Pinc (pink) - pink
  285. Gorm (gor-um) - blue
  286. Glas (glass) - grey
  287. Dearg (jair-ach) - red
  288. Buidhe (boo-yeah) - yellow
  289. Tu - you
  290. Uaine (oo-an-ye) - green
  291. Donn (doh-ne) - brown
  292. Briogais ghoirid (brickish yuritch) short-trousers
  293. Goirid (guritch) - short
  294. Liath (lee-ah) - light blue
  295. Putan (poo-tan) - button
  296. Crios (kriss) - belt
  297. Fada (fatah) - long
  298. Leór - enough, plenty
  299. Deise (jisha) - suit
  300. Súbh-láir (sue-lard) - strawberry
  301. Goid (gutch) - stealing
  302. Cumail (coom-al) - keeping, holding
  303. Ospadal (ospatal) - hospital
  304. Dún Dé (doon jay) - Dundee
  305. an (an) - of the; the; will
  306. an seo - here, here is, here are, this
  307. ag obair - working
  308. Sealtainn (shall-ting) - Shetland
  309. Sruighlea (Sree-lie) - Stirling
  310. Iapan (Ya-pan) - Japan
  311. Arcaibh (Are-kiv) - Orkney
  312. glé (glay) - very
  313. Inhbir Áir (Inyad Argh) - Ayr 
  314. Obar Dheathain (Obar Ay-in) - Aberdeen
  315. Fuireach (foo-roch) - living
  316. Búth (boo) - shop
  317. Muile (moola) - Mull
  318. Fiobha (fee-fah) - Fife
  319. Peairt (pee-urch) - Perth
  320. Port Righ (porst ree) - Portree
  321. Afraga a Deas (afra-cah a jays) - South Africa
  322. Nirribhidh (near-ah-vee) - Norway
  323. Aice (ay-ca) - at her (or 'she has')
  324. an sin (an shin) - there
  325. Astráilia (ass-strah-lia) - Australia
  326. Sealainn Nuadh (seeline nuagh) - New Zealand
  327. Oifis (ah-fis) - office
  328. Taigh-ósta (tay osta) - hotel
  329. Margadh (mara-gig) - market
  330. Tiriodh (Chirig) - Tiree
  331. Oilthigh (oll-hay) - university
  332. Uibhist (oo-yisht) - Uist
  333. Frids (fridge) - fridge
  334. Gárradh (gah-rig) - garden
  335. Flat (flat) - flat
  336. An toil leat...? (leat - let) - do you like...?
  337. Leabaidh (lep-ee) - bed
  338. Mapa (ma-pah) - map
  339. Dealbh (jal-av) - picture, photo
  340. Bórd (borsht) - table [pl. búird]
  341. Sin e - that is it
  342. Soitheach (say-ach) - dish
  343. Preas (prees) - cupbaord
  344. Briste (breesh-cheh) - broken
  345. Deasg (desk) - desk
  346. Coimpiutair (computerh) - computer
  347. Taigh-beag (tye-beak) - toilet
  348. Cathair (cah-head) - chair
  349. Iuchair (ee-youk-hid) - key
  350. Ro (row) - to, before
  351. Iuchraichean (ee-youk-reach-an) - keys
  352. Seómar-cadail (show-maw cadell) - bedrooms
  353. Iadar-lion (id-er-lee-an) - internet
  354. Balla (bal-ah) - wall
  355. Dé as toil leat? - what do you like?
  356. Teine (cheen-ya) - fire
  357. Cáit (caht-ch) - where
  358. Fios (fiss) - know
  359. a ghráidh (eh gry) - love, darling
  360. Inntinneach (in-chin-yoch) - interesting
  361. Chi (he) - see
  362. a h-uile duine (ah hoola doonya) - everyone
  363. Beagan (beak-an) - a little
  364. Thig (heek) - come [Thigibh - pl.]
  365. a-steach (eh- sch-tach) - into (movement), enter
  366. Ist (isht) - hush
  367. Bruidhinn (breen) - (a') speaking; speak [pl/fl - Bruidhnibh]
  368. Ainm (en-yam) - name [pl. ainmean]
  369. Rudeigin (rude-ig-in) - something
  370. Beurla (bee-ur-la) - English
  371. Gabh mo leisgeul (Gav mo leeshgal) - excuse me
  372. Éibhinn (ee-vin) - funny
  373. Meal do naidheachd (mee-al doh nigh-ach!) - congratulations [pl. Mealaibh ur naidheachd]
  374. Ionnsachadh (inn-sa-hoig) - learning
  375. Ri (ree) - to; with; is
  376. Beul (bee-al) - mouth
  377. Falt (falt) - hair
  378. Aodann (err-dan) - face
  379. Maol (moo-al) - bald
  380. Tinn (cheen) - ill
  381. Ceann (kee-ow-n) - head
  382. Goirt (gorsht) - sore
  383. Fallain (fal-an) - healthy; fit
  384. Sron (sron) - nose
  385. Cluas (clue-as) - ear
  386. Lámh (lah-ve) - hand
  387. Druim (dream) - back
  388. Teanga (cheen-ka) - tongue
  389. Cas (kas) - leg
  390. Caol (kooal) - thin
  391. Salach (sal-ach) - dirty
  392. Air (id) - on; on him
  393. Oirre (orra) - on her
  394. Bán (b-ahn) - fair
  395. Ruadh (roo-ag) - red (hair)
  396. Glic (galee-ch) - clever, wise
  397. Cáirdeil - (carsht-jell) - friendly
  398. Pósta (post-ah) - married
  399. Bochd (bock-ed) - poor
  400. Litir (leech-er) - letter
  401. Bha (vah) - was
  402. Ruith (roy-ith) - running
  403. Sgriobhadh (scree-vig) - writing
  404. Cómhla (col-dah) - together; [cómhla ri = with]
  405. Leabharlann (lee-your-lown) - library
  406. Gu (goo) - to
  407. Cha robh (ha row) - was not
  408. an-dé (an jay) - yesterday
  409. Coiseachd (coshack) - walking
  410. An robh (an row) - was/were
  411. Cadal (cat-al) - sleeping
  412. a-raoir (a ray-th) - last night
  413. Snámh (snah-ve) - swimming
  414. Nach robh (nach row)  - weren't, wasn't, didn't
  415. a-riamh (a-ree-av) - never
  416. Tuathanas (too-ah-hann-as) - farm
  417. Drochaid (drock-ich) - bridge
  418. a' sreap (st-reap) - climbing
  419. Bus (bus) - bus
  420. Pléana (plain-ah) - plane
  421. Tréana (train-ah) - train
  422. Stéisean (stay-shan) - station
  423. a' tighinn (ah-chee-in) - coming
  424. Cár (caar) - car
  425. Direach (jee-roch) - just
  426. Airgead (erra-gid) - money
  427. Stad (stat) - stop, stopped
  428. Eilean (ee-lan) - island, islands
  429. Na (nah) - do not, don't; of the
  430. air bhioran (id vir-an) - excited
  431. Dún Éideann (doon-eed-chan) - Edinburgh
  432. Steórnabhagh (storna-vah) - Stornaway
  433. Leódhas (???) - Lewis
  434. Dúinte (doon-cher) - closed
  435. Tiogaid (tick-idge) - ticket
  436. a' dráibheadh (ah dry-vig) - driving
  437. Luath (loo-ah) - fast
  438. Íle (ee-la) - Islay
  439. Fosgailte (fos-gail-cha) - open
  440. a' fosgladh (ah fas-glay-g) - opening
  441. Dhachaigh (yah-hee) - home
  442. An t-Eilean Sgitheanach (an chill-an ski-an-ach) - the Isle of Skye
  443. 'a cluinntinn (cloin-chin) - hearing
  444. a' faicinn (fike-ing) - seeing
  445. Cudromach (cud-ro-mach) - important
  446. Taigh-bidh (tay-bee) - restaurant
  447. Clár-bidh (clar-bee) - menu
  448. Deoch (Jok-ch) - drink
  449. Bu toil leam (buh toil leam) - I would like
  450. Staoig (stay-g) - steak
  451. Srúbag (sruh-back) - small drink
  452. Cha bu toil leam (ha buh toil leam) - I would not like
  453. An toil leat...? (an toil let) - Do you like...?
  454. Am bu toil leat...? (am boo toil let) - would you like...?
  455. Muga (mooga) - muga
  456. Leann-ubhal (loon ooh-al) - cider
  457. Mar-tha (mar-ha) - already
  458. Sláinte (slanj-eh) - cheers
  459. Drama (drarm-ah) - dram
  460. Uisge-beatha (ishka bay-hair) - whishy
  461. Daor (dude) - expensive
  462. Ceart gu leór - ok
  463. Páirc (park) - park
  464. a-staigh - inside
  465. Mathain (Ma-hain) - bears
  466. Niseag (Nish-ack) - Nessie (the Loch Ness Monster)
  467. Peataichean (pet-ar-can) - pets
  468. Eich (ey-sh) - horses
  469. Caoraich (coo-reesh) - sheep (pl)
  470. a-mach (ah ma-ch) - out
  471. Baga (bag-ah) - bag
  472. Eagalach (eeg-ah-loch) - scary
  473. Tarbh (ta-rav) - bull
  474. Gleann (glee-own) - glen, valley
  475. Feumail (fee-mal) - useful
  476. Broc (brock) - badger [pl. bruic]
  477. Coineanaich (con-an-eech) - rabbits
  478. Gleanntan (glee-own-tan) - glens
  479. Eisg (eh-sg) - fish (pl.)
  480. Díleas (gee-las) - loyal
  481. Eóin (eh-own) - birds
  482. Loch (loch) - lake
  483. Sligeanach (sleech-an-ach) - tortoise
  484. Coille (cull-ya) - forest [pl. coilltean]
  485. Leómhann (leow-ann) - lion
  486. Sgoinneil (sgun-neil) - brilliant
  487. Daoine (doon-ye) - people
  488. Gráineag (gran-yack) - hedgehogs
  489. a' leum (lame) - jumping
  490. Feur (fear) - grass
  491. Éirisgeidh (eer-ish-gay) - Eriskay
  492. Radain (rart-an) - rats
  493. Lag (lack) - weak
  494. Láidir (lar-ger) - strong
  495. Bóidheach (boy-ach) - beautiful
  496. Greas ort (grease orsht) - hurry up [Greasaibh]
  497. an t-acras [orm/ort, etc] (an tack-ras) - hungry
  498. an t-eagal [orm/ort, etc] (an tea-gal) - scared
  499. Uabhasach (ooh-ah-va-sach) - terrible
  500. Fhearg (yeah-rack) - angry
  501. Pathadh (pah-g) - thirsty
  502. Oirnn (orn) - on us
  503. Esan (ess-an) - him (e)
  504. Dragh (dra-dch) - worry
  505. Cabhag (cav-ag) - hurry, rush
  506. Cnatan (k-nat-an) - ill, cold
  507. Orra (ah-ra) - on them
  508. an déideadh (jay-juck) - toothache
  509. Oirbh (ah-riv) - on you
  510. Gaol (goo-al) - love
  511. Ise (ee-sha) - her
  512. Greannach (gran-ach) - grumpy
  513. Gráin (gran) - hate
  514. Pártaidh (par-tee) - party
  515. Oisean (osh-an) corner
  516. Liomaid (lim-urch) - lemon
  517. Buntáta (bun-tart-ah) - potato
  518. a' ceannach (kee-an-ach) - buying
  519. Talla (tal-ah) - hall
  520. Consart (con-cert) - concert
  521. Preusant (pre-sant) - present, gift
  522. Deiseil (jay-shall) - ready, finished
  523. Saoghal (sue-all) - world
  524. Fadalach (fata-lach) - late
  525. Do (doh) - yout [d' - when preceding a consonant, e.g. d' athair]
  526. Mo (moh) my
  527. Stamag (stam-ack) - stomach
  528. Sean (shayne) - old
  529. Glún (gloon) - knee
  530. Bodhaig (bow-ik) - body
  531. Sábhailte (sa-vill-cher) - safe
  532. Thón (hoh-own) - buttocks
  533. Eadar (ead-er) - between
  534. Éisteachd (ee-shock) - listening
  535. Gáirdean (garst-shun) - arm
  536. Dráthais (drah-ish) - underpants
  537. Amhach (av-ach) - neck
  538. Corrag (coh-rack) - finger, toe
  539. Gleansach (glen-sach) - shiny
  540. Cugallach (hoo-gal-ach) - wobbly
  541. a' coimhead (ah coy-et) - looking
  542. Losgann (loss-gan) - frog
  543. Sgeulachd (skeel-lach) - story [pl. sgeulachdan]
  544. Duilleag (doo-lia-ck) - page [pl. duilleagan]
  545. Ur (ugh) - your
  546. Gobhar (go-ah) - goat [pl. gobhair]
  547. Brochan (broch-han) - porridge
  548. Cruaidh (croo-ay) - hard
  549. Leis (lish) - with [Nb - bare form: le 'with a' definite form: leis an 'with the']
  550. Tachairt (tak-ersht) - happening
  551. Ámhainn (aw-van) - oven
  552. Caran (karan) - a little; somewhat
  553. Cladach (klad-ach) - beach; shore
  554. Muir (moo-d) - sea [gen. Mara]
  555. Oir (odth) - because
  556. Iasgach (ee-asg-ach) - fishing
  557. Math air (mah id) - good at
  558. Gach (ga-ach) every, each, all
  559. Bhiodh (vee-yag) - would be
  560. Ged (get) - although
  561. Aonaranach (awn-a-ran-ach) - lonely, alone
  562. Iarraidh (ear-ree) - asking, seeking; desiring
  563. Chun an sin (hoon an shin) - until then; towards there
  564. Ciùin (k-yoon) - quiet; still; calm
  565. Mo chreach! (mow crak-ch) - goodness!
  566. Facal (fah-cal) - word
  567. Faclair (fah-clid) - dictionary; glossary
  568. Cuideachail - (cood-jock-al) - helpful
  569. Coinneachadh (cun-yach-aich) - meeting
  570. Speuclairean (spear-clar-in) - glasses
  571. Teaghlach (chul-lach) - family
  572. Spaideil (spach-al) - well-dressed; fancy
  573. Céilidh (kay-lee) - visiting, céilidh
  574. Co-ogha (co-oh-ah) - cousin
  575. Mac (mack) - son
  576. Modhail (mow-el) - well behaved
  577. Miorbhaileach (meer-val-ach) - marvellous
  578. Seada (shet-ah) - shed [pl. seadaichean]
  579. Doileag (doll-ack) - doll
  580. Briosgaid (brisk-itch) - biscuit
  581. Mi-mhodhail (mi-vohw-el) - naughty
  582. Déideag (jay-jack) - toy
  583. Thalla (hal-la) - go away!
  584. Ainmeil (ayn-amal) - famous
  585. Taigh-seinnse (tay sheen-sha) - pub
  586. Cailleach-oidhche (kye-ach aye-kah) - owl
  587. Farasta (fah-rah-sta) - simple
  588. Beannachd (be-an-achd) - blessing
  589. Neo-fhoirmeil (nee-oh erri-mal) - informal
  590. Sin thu (shin ooh) - it's you (informal greeting)
  591. Sin thu fhèin (shin ooh hane) - it's you yourself (informal greeting)
  592. Siuthad (shoo-it) - on you go
  593. Ag innse (ag ee-sher) - telling; informing
  594. Céol (kee-ol) - music
  595. a Ghearmailt (ah gerra-malt-ch) - Germany
  596. Pìob-mhòr (feeb voor) - bagpipes
  597. Innis Tìle (innish cheela) - Iceland
  598. Eileann Mhanainn (Eelan Van-inn) - The Isle of Man
  599. Fidheall (feel) - fiddle
  600. a Gréig (ah grey-g) - Greece
  601. An Tuirc (?) - Turkey
  602. Craobh (croo-ve) - tree
  603. Bheilg (vell-ick) - Belgium
  604. a' Phortagail (fortugal) - Portugal
  605. an Spàinn (an spahn) - Spain
  606. an Fhraing (an rang) - France
  607. an Ruis (an roosh) - Russia
  608. an Roinn-Eòrpa (an royne ee-yorpa) - Europe
  609. a' Chuimrigh (ah choomreeh) - Wales
  610. an Rìoghachd Aonaichte (an ree-ochd urn-ich-cha) - the United Kingdom
  611. Rìoghachd (ree-ochd) - kingdom
  612. Aonaichte (urn-ich-cha) - united; integrated
  613. Breatainn (bret-ain) - Britain
  614. a' Chòrn (ah k-horn) - Cornwall
  615. an t-Suain (ant Sue-ain) - Sweden
  616. an Ostair (an Ost-ar) - Austria
  617. Abhainn (ah-win) - river
  618. an Fhionnlann (an ewe-lann) - Finland
  619. an Eilbheis (an eila-vish) - Switzerland
  620. Siona (sheena) - China
  621. Iomagain (im-a-gan) - worry, anxiety [adj. iomagaineach]
  622. Teagamh (chick-iv) - doubtful [adj. teagmhach]
  623. Bròn (brohn) - sadness, grief [adj. brònach]
  624. nàire 
  625. àgh
  626. a' Bhreatann Bheag (brettan veek) - Britanny
  627. Toiteag (toh-chak) - cigarette
  628. Ball (bah-ll) - ball
  629. A h-uile latha (ah hoo-lyah lah) - every day
  630. A huile (ah hoo-lyah) - every
  631. Goilf (golf) - golf
  632. Iomain (im-ein) - shinty
  633. Iasgach (ee-asg-ach) - fishing
  634. Bidh (be) - will, will be, is
  635. Ball-coise (bah-ll cosha) - football
  636. Tràigh (try-h) - beach
  637. Rothair (row-had) - bicycle
  638. Cunnartach (coon-as-tock) - dangerous
  639. a' seòladh (show-lig) - sailing
  640. an Gearasdan (geh-ris-dan) - Fort William
  641. Rothaireachd (roh-hah-dach) - cycling
  642. Rugbaidh (rugby) - rugby
  643. Math air (math id) - good at
  644. Dannsa Gàidhealach (dannsa gail-loch) - highland dancing
  645. an uair sin (an oo-ar shin) - then
  646. Ball-basgaid (bah-ll bask-itch) - basketball
  647. Spòrs (spores) - sport
  648. Dhut (yoot) - for you; to you; you
  649. Furasta (foorasta) - easy
  650. Uaireannan (oo-ah-ran-an) - sometimes
  651. Cèile (cayla) - fellow; partner; significant other; spouse
  652. a h-uile latha (a hoola lah) - every day
  653. an-dràsta fhéin (an drasta hane) - right now
  654. Telebhisean (television) - television
  655. Gàidhealtacdh (gail-toch) - Highlands
  656. a' Ghalldachd (gal-toch) - Lowlands
  657. Doirbh (duh-rav) - difficult
  658. a' sgitheadh (ski-ig) - skiing
  659. Math dhut (mah doo) - good for you
  660. Aon-deug (oon jee-ug) - eleven
  661. Dhà-dheug (yah yee-ug) - twelve
  662. Trì-deug (tree jee-ug) - thirteen
  663. Ceithir-deug (cay-ath jee-ug) - fourteen
  664. Còig-deug (coy-g jee-ug) - fifteen
  665. Sia deug (she-ah jee-ug) - sixteen
  666. Seachd-deug (shach jee-ug) - seventeen
  667. Ochd-deug (ochd jee-ug) - eighteen
  668. Naoi-deug (noy jee-ug) - nineteen
  669. Fichead (fick-it) - twenty
  670. Diluain (jee-loo-ine) - Monday
  671. Dimàirt (jee-marsht) - Tuesday
  672. Diciadain (jee-kee-ah-dane) - Wednesday
  673. Diardaoin (jee-as-doon) - Thursday [Nb: alternative DiDaoirne]
  674. Dihaoine (jee-hoon-ye) - Friday
  675. Disathairne (jee-sat-han-yeh) - Saturday
  676. Didòmhnaich (jee-doh-neech) - Sunday
  677. a-nochd (ah nochd) - tonight
  678. Cha bhi (ha vee) - that will not be;
  679. Éigheachd (eh-voch) - shouting
  680. Air ais (id ash) - back
  681. Sámhach (sarv-ach) - quiet; silent
  682. Am bi e...? (am be eh) - will it be...?
  683. a' feuchainn (ah fee-ach-kane) - trying
  684. Iadsan (ee-ad-san) - them 
  685. a' toghail (ah tok-hal) - building; lifting; picking
  686. Nach bi (nach be) - won't
  687. Seachdain (shack-in) - week
  688. Hearadh (heh-rig) - Harris
  689. Gealach (gell-ach) - moon
  690. Turadh (tur-rig) - a dry spell
  691. Deagh (joo) - good [Nb: adj; causes lenition **precedes the noun]
  692. Reoite (roh-cha) - frozen
  693. Soilleir (soh-liad) - bright
  694. Deigh (jay) - ice
  695. Droch (droh-kch) - bad [adj; causes lenition **precedes the noun!]
  696. Sgrathail (sgrah-hal) - awful
  697. Stocainnean (stok-ain-nan) - socks
  698. Áite (archer) - place, locality
  699. Miotagan (mee-tag-an) - gloves
  700. an t-adhar (an tar) - sky
  701. Ceòthach (kee-oh-hach) - misty
  702. Meanbh-chuileag (men-ev coo-lach) - midge
  703. Cuileag (cool-ach) - fly (insect) 
  704. Comhla ri cheile
  705. Searbh (share-ev) - sour
  706. Albannach (al-ah-bah-noch) - Scottish
  707. Seòclaid (shock-ladge) - chocolate
  708. Dinnear (geen-yed) - dinner
  709. Bracaist (brack-isht) - breakfast
  710. Ceapaire (kep-agh-ra) - sandwich
  711. Ith (eekch) - eat
  712. Cus (koos) - too much, too many
  713. Spiosrach (spees-roch) - spicy
  714. Marag-dhubh - (mahrag-ooh) - black pudding
  715. Aran-milis (ah-ran mill-eesh) - shortbread
  716. Truinnsear (tree-shud) - plate
  717. Glanne (glan-ye) - glas
  718. Gabh (gav) - have, take, sing
  719. Milis (mill-eesh) - sweet
  720. Bradan (brat-an) - salmon
  721. a' gabhail (ah gah-ll) - having
  722. Searbh (shah-rav) - sour
  723. Cupa (coop-ah) - cup
  724. Meas (mees) - fruit [pl. measan]
  725. Glasraich (glas-reech) - vegetables
  726. Na gabh (na gav) - do not have
  727. Sìionach (shee-an-noch) - Chinese
  728. Feòil (fee-ol) - meat
  729. Sgadan (skadan) - herring
  730. Sgreamhail (skriv-al) - disgusting
  731. Mor-bhùth (moor-voo) - supermarket
  732. Eadailteach (id-al-chok) - Italian
  733. Uair (oo-ar) - one hour, one o'clock, time [pl. uairean]
  734. àm - time, period, occasion
  735. Boireannach (borin-yach) - woman
  736. Cuin (cunn) - when..? [Nb: LG dictionary - cuine]
  737. Ma-thà (mah-ha) - then
  738. Feasgar an-diugh - this afternoon
  739. Madainn an-diugh - this morning
  740. Mionaid (min-itch) - minutes
  741. Tràth (tr-ah) - early
  742. Leth (leh) - half
  743. an dèidh (an jay) - past
  744. Feasgar a-màireach - tomorrow afternoon/evening
  745. Madainn a-màireach - tomorrow morning
  746. Fichead 's a coig - twenty-five
  747. Coma (coh-ma) - unbothered, indifferent
  748. Mìos (mee-as) - month 
  749. Bliadhna (blee-arn-ah) - year
  750. Aois (ooh-shj) - age
  751. am-bliadhna (am blee-arn-ah) - this year
  752. Bogsa (boxer) - box [pl. bogsaichean.
  753. Trom (tr-oh-m) - heavy
  754. Togalach (toag-a-loch) - building
  755. Aotram (er-trum) - light
  756. a' gluasad (ah glue-ah-sat) - moving
  757. Beò (be-oh) - alive
  758. Cidsin (kitchen) - kitchen
  759. Làr (laar) - floor
  760. Faigh (fye) - get
  761. Peann (pee-ow-n) - pen
  762. Rèidio (radio) - radio
  763. Tog (toak) - lift, pick up
  764. Fada air falbh (fata id fal-av) - far away
  765. Rudan (roo-tan) - things [sing. rud]
  766. Flùr (floo-d) - flower
  767. Gun (gun) - without
  768. Fear (fed) - man; another one (re: masculine nouns)
  769. Tè (chay) - female; another one (re: feminine nouns)
  770. Siud (shut) - over there (is/are)
  771. Marbh (mah-rav) - dead
  772. Dotair
  773. Poileas
  774. Nurs
  775. a' glanadh (ah glan-ig) - cleaning
  776. Annam (un-um) - that I am
  777. Annad (un-at) - that you are; in you
  778. a' teagasg (ah chig-isg) - teaching
  779. Glanadair (glan-ah-der) - cleaner 
  780. Banca (bank-a) - bank
  781. Tuathanach (too-an-ach) - farmer
  782. Colaiste (col-ast-cha) - college
  783. Rùnaire (roon-ah-reh) - secretary
  784. Iasgair (ee-asg-ah) - fisher
  785. a' suidhe (?) - sitting
  786. Ollaimh (ol-ive) -professor
  787. neach-frithealaidh (nee-ach free-hal-eech) - waiter
  788. Rud sam bith (root-sam-bee) - anything
  789. a' seasamh (ah shay-sav) - standing
  790. Neach-ciùil - (ne-ach que-ll) - musician
  791. Sagart (sack-ursht) - priest
  792. Ailtire (aye-chil-a) - architect
  793. Croit (crotch) - croft
  794. Croitear (crotcher) - crofter
  795. Ministear (minist-cher) - minister
  796. Feòladair (fee-ohl-a-chur) - butcher
  797. Neach-smàlaidh (nee-ach smar-lee) - firefighter
  798. ge-tà (gih-tar) - though
  799. Còcaire (cork-a-ra) - cook
  800. Leisg (leh-sg) - lazy
  801. Dìcheallach (gee-ca-loch) - hardworking
  802. Comasach (coma-soch) - capable
  803. Chlachair (clack-ah) - stonemason
  804. a' còcaireachd (cork-ah-rok) - cooking
  805. Fad (fat) - all; far
  806. Fad an latha - all day
  807. Suidh! (swee) - sit!
  808. Seas! (shees) - stand!
  809. Falamh (fal-iv) - empty
  810. Làn (larn) - full
  811. Fiadhaich (fee-ay-ch) - wild
  812. Cat-fiadhaich (cat fee-ay-ch) - wild cat
  813. Fiadh (fee-ag) - deer [pl. fèidh]
  814. Stiall ort (sh-teal orsht) - on you go
  815. Sgarbh (sk-ah-rav) - cormorant
  816. Foighidneach (fur-chin-ach) - patient
  817. Sin thu fhèin (Sin ooh hane) - well done!
  818. fileanta (fee-lan-ta) - fluent
  819. Beinn (bayne) - mountain
  820. Bodach (bod-ach) - old man
  821. Sona (sauna) - happy
  822. Cuideigin (cood-ja-gin) - someone
  823. Cailleach (kal-ee-och) - old woman
  824. Bàrd (barsht) - poet
  825. Sionnach (shawn-ach) - fox
  826. Iarran (ear-ran) - iron
  827. Seann- (sh-ow-n) - aged, e.g. seann cù
  828. lofa (loh-fa) - loaf
  829. Mil (m'l) - honey
  830. Sìos (she-as) - down
  831. Geàrr (gay-rr) - hare; cut
  832. Iongantach (ian-toch) - amazing
  833. Seòlta (sholta) - cunning
  834. Seilcheig (shill-a-keg) - snail
  835. Fraingis (Frangish) - French
  836. Rium (room) - to me
  837. Deònach (jaw-noch) - willing
  838. Taingeil (tang-al) - thankful
  839. Ceap Braitainn - Cape Breton
  840. Gearmailtis (gerra-mal-chish) - German
  841. Cànan - (car-nan) - language [pl. -an]
  842. Riut (root) - to me
  843. Ionnsaich (in-seech) - learn
  844. Còrnais (cornish) - Cornish
  845. Cuimris (Cum-rish) - Welsh
  846. Ribh (reev) - to you pl/fl.
  847. Eistibh (eest-chiv) - listen pl/fl
  848. Rithe (ree-ah) - to her
  849. Ris (rish) - to him
  850. Spàinntis (span-tish) - Spanish
  851. Cànan-soidhnidh Bhreatainn (carnan-soinee vret-an) - British Sign Language
  852. Ghàidhlig Mhanainn - (garlic van-ein) - Manx
  853. Ceilteach (cail-choch) - Celtic
  854. Càirdeach (car-doch) - related
  855. Beurla Ghallda (veerla-golta) - Scots
  856. Cànan-soidhnidh Ameireaga (carnan-soinee amereega???) - American Sign Language
  857. Muc-mhara (mooch vara) - whale
  858. Sgiobair (skeep-ar) - captain
  859. Seòladair (show-lad-ar) - sailor
  860. Ròpa (roh-pa) - rope
  861. a' slaodadh (sloo-daig) - pulling
  862. air bòrd (borsht) on board
  863. Sgileil (skill-al) skilful 
  864. Leumadair (lima-dudh) - jumper; dolphin [pl. -ean]
  865. Tonnan (tone-an) - waves
  866. Cuan (coo-an) - ocean
  867. Lìon (lee-an) - net; web; line (fishing)
  868. a' glacadh (ah glak-ig) - catching
  869. Taigh-solais (tay solas) - lighthouse
  870. Cearban (kerra-ban) - shark
  871. Hiort (here-sht) - St. Kilda
  872. Bhataraigh (vater-say) - Vatersay
  873. Malaig 
  874. Fhaoileag (oo-lack) - seagul
  875. a' sgreuchail (ah scree-akal) - screeching
  876. Farsaing (farshing) - wide
  877. Feamainn (fem-ain) - seaweed
  878. Ochd-chasach (ochd has-ak) - octopus
  879. Spùinneadair (spoon-ya-dad) - plunderer, raider
  880. Spùinneadair-mara (sponn-ya-dad mara) - pirate
  881. Pitheid (pee-itch) - parrot
  882. Fodha (fowa) - under
  883. a' dol fodha (ah dol fowa) - sinking
  884. Muir (mood) - sea
  885. Guga (googa) - salted gannet
  886. Tìr (cheed) - land
  887. a dh'aithghearr (ah guy-'ad) - soon; shortly
  888. Ratharsair (rar-sid) - Raasay 
  889. Sgioba (skip-ah) - team
  890. Ruith (ree) - run! (imp,)
  891. Coisich (coh-sheek) - walk
  892. a' fighe (ah fear) - knitting
  893. Sgioblaich (skip-leech) - tidy
  894. Ad (at) - hat
  895. Cluich (cleech) - play! [imperative] 
  896. Còisir (core-shid) - choir
  897. Seinn (shane) - sing [imperative]
  898. Còmhlan-ciùil (coh-lan kewl) - (music) band
  899. Air falbh (id falav) - away
  900. Tàileasg (tarl-isg) - chess
  901. Geamannan-bùird (gemm-an-an borst) - board games
  902. Pàipear-naidheachd (pay-per nay-ach) - newspaper
  903. Pròiseil (praw-sal) - proud
  904. Nobhail (novel) - novel
  905. Taigh-dhealbh (tay yell-av) - cinema
  906. Gealtach - cowardly
  907. Aiste (ast-cha) - essay
  908. Foghlam (fow-lam) - education
  909. Faiceallach (figh-care-loch) - careful
  910. Bi (bee) - be
  911. Sgoilear (schol-argh) - pupil
  912. Leasan (lees-an) - lesson
  913. Matamataig (mata-matik) - mathematics
  914. Obair-dachaigh (obar-dak-eh) - homework
  915. a' cuideachadh (ah coodjack-aig) - helping
  916. Nad (nat) - in your [Nb: causes lenition; contracted form of 'annad']
  917. Seòmar-teagaisg (show-mar cheekisg) - classroom
  918. Pàipear (paper) - paper
  919. Bun-sgoil (boon skol) - primary school
  920. Nam (nam) - in my, in their
  921. Peansail (pen-sal) - pencil
  922. Cleachd (cla-ch) - use
  923. Àrd-sgoil (ard skol) - high school
  924. rd-dubh (bord dooh) - blackboard
  925. rd-geal (bord gell) - whiteboard
  926. Glaodh (glue-g) - glue
  927. a' cleachdadh (ah cla-ch-aig) - using
  928. Dath (dah) - colour
  929. Peant (pent) - paint
  930. Air leth (id lay) - exceptionally, exceptional
  931. Bruis (broosh) - brush
  932. Dealbhadair (jel-av-ad-ded) - artist
  933. Leabhraichean (lee-aw-de-chan) - books
  934. Sgriobhadair (schree-va-der) - writer
  935. fad na tìde (fat nah cheecha) - all the time
  936. Ùghdar (ooh-dah) - author
  937. Talla-cluiche (tall-ah clooch-eh) - theatre 
  938. Dealbh-cluich (jell-av cleech) - play
  939. Pinnt (Peen-ch) - pint 
  940. Cleasaiche (clay-sa-kah) - actor
  941. Rùisgte (roosh-g-chair) - naked
  942. Àrd-ùrlar (Art-oohla) - stage, platform
  943. Rànaich (rah-neech) - crying
  944. Seinneadair (shane-a-der) - singer
  945. Dràma (drah-ma) - drama
  946. Tric (tree-ch) - often
  947. Gàireachdainn (gar-rock-dain) - laughing
  948. Innte - in her.
  949. Film (film) - film
  950. ag iarraidh (ag eerie) - wanting
  951. Dannsair (dan-seh) - dancer
  952. Cruthachail (croo-ah-kal) - creative
  953. Mòine (mourn-ye) - peat
  954. Diosal (dee-sal) - diesel
  955. air leth (id leth) - exceptional
  956. Nas òige (nas oy-geh) - younger 
  957. Nas sine (nas shin-eh) - older
  958. Nas brònaiche (nas bro-nick-eh) - sadder
  959. Nas brèagha (nas bree-ah) - prettier
  960. Ailbhean (allah-van) - elephant
  961. Riutha - to/with them
  962. Is fheàrr leam (is sharr loom) - I prefer
  963. Draibh (drive) - drive
  964. Ruith (ree) - run; running
  965. Rinn (rin) - to/with us.
  966. Saighdear (say-deah-d) - soldier
  967. Fiaclair (fee-ah-clair) - dentist
  968. Oileanach (ollan-iach) - student [pl. oileanaich]
  969. Bheat (vet) - vet
  970. Neach-saidheans (nee-yak sions) - scientist
  971. Gasta (gasta) - splendid
  972. Luchd-smàlaidh (luch smal-eh) - firefighters
  973. Bithibh modhail (bee-iv mod-al) - behave [polite]
  974. Uaireadair (oo-ah-ra-dad) - watch
  975. Luchd-lagha (luch lag-ah) - lawyers
  976. Sgeilp (skilp) - shelf
  977. Chuir mi - I put
  978. Cheannaich mi - I bought
  979. Giotàr (git-ar) - guitar
  980. Air-loidhne (ed loyne-ah) - online
  981. Bàta-luath (bart-ah loo-ah) - speedboat
  982. Reic mi (rikh me) - I sold
  983. Sporan (sporan) - purse or wallet
  984. Neach-reic (nee-ach rikh) - salesperson
  985. Fòn (phone) - phone
  986. Bruis-fhiaclan (broosh ee-ak-lan) - toothbrush
  987. An-asgaidh (an as-gee) - free
  988. Lord mi (lorak me) - I found
  989. a' lorg (lorak) - looking for
  990. Teanta (tent-ah) - tent
  991. Beairteach (bee-ash-chok) - rich
  992. a' reic (a rikh) - selling
  993. Damh (daff) - stag [pl. daimh]
  994. Beathach (be-oh-ach) - animal [pl. beathaichean]
  995. Madadh-allaidh (mat-ig ally) - wolf
  996. a' tuiteam (ah teach-am) - falling
  997. a' sealg (ah shell-ak) - hunting
  998. Taghan (tag-an) - pine martin
  999. Tuit (theetch) - fell
  1000. Toll (toal) - hole
  1001. Calman (calah-man) - pigeon
  1002. a' cladhach (ah clar-ach) - digging
  1003. Campadh (camp-ig) - camping
  1004. Cailleannach (cal-yan-noch) - Caledonian
  1005. Cumanta (koo-man-ta) - common
  1006. Reamhar (rav-id) - fat, plump
  1007. Lus (loose) - plant
  1008. Fliche (fleech-ah) - wetter
  1009. Seunta (shee-unta) - enchanted
  1010. Capal-coille (kapal coll-ee-ah) - capercaillie

à è ì ò ù À È Ù

Names


Beathag (a Bheathag)
Catrìona (a Chatrìona)
Ealasaid
Eubha
Flòraidh (a Fhlòraidh)
Mairead (a Mhairead)
a Mhàiri
a Mhòrag 
Oighrig
a Pheigi
a Raonaid 
Úna

Alasdair
Cailean
Calum
Dómnhall
Eairdsidh
Fearghas (Fhearghais) 
Fionnlagh (Fhionnlaigh)
Friseal
Iain
Leagsaidh (a Leagsaidh) 
Micheal
Niall
Pádraig
Ruairidh
Seóras
Seumas
Tormod






Tips on memorising vocabulary:

https://www.thelanguageformula.com/articles/spaced-learning-how-to-memorise-vocabulary-youll-remember-forever


Patterns

Ao - is often pronounced 'oo' (aoi -sometime 'ay')
I - is often pronounced 'ee' - e.g. ím (eem); iasg (ee-asg); isean (eeshan); mi (mee)
Si is pronounced 'shee' - e.g. sinn (sheen); sithean (shee-an); sibhse (sheev-sha)
Ti is pronounced 'ch' - e.g. tioraidh (cheer-ee); tim (cheem); tioram (chi-ram)
Uis is pronounced 'oosh' - uisge (oosh-ga); úiseil (ooshall)
Bh is pronounced 'th' or 'v'
Dh is often silent or pronounced 'ig' when broad.  
Th is often silent or pronounced like 'h'.

Saturday, 25 May 2024

Gàidhlig - Alphabet & Grammar Notes

I can see why everybody raves about Duolingo. It's an absolutely wonderful app! It makes learning languages fun, so much so that I actually look forward to my daily Gàidhlig lesson.

I have decided to record my recent progress here. One thing I'm concerned about, is that whilst I'm full of enthusiasm right now, it may wane with time, especially when I start to get bogged down with the grammar. However, if I can make sense of what I'm learning as I go along, then I'm hoping I will maintain my motivation.

These notes have been written for me, however I think I may as well share them with the world. I'm learning, however, and I may well make mistakes, so please don't rely on them.


The Gaelic Alphabet

A wee rhyme I have made up for me to remember the letters: There's no j, or k, or q, or anything after u.

Summarised from Daily Gaelic on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLVOL0c99sk

  • Contains just 18 letters.
  • It misses (from the Roman alphabet): J, K, Q, V, W, X, Y & Z.
  • Vowels: A, E, I, O & U.
  • Broad vowels: A, O & U.
  • Slender vowels: I & E
  • C's and G's are 'hard' in Gaelic, i.e. like a 'K'.
  • Emphasis is usually placed on the first syllable, unless the second syllable is accented.
  • Graves, or accents, make the vowel sound longer.
  • The only letters that can appear in pairs together are: L, N & R.

e.g. letter D

Broad: Dà - 'dah' 
Slender: 'Dè -  'jay'
Broad Lenited: Dha - 'vah'
Slender Lenited: Dhith - 'yee'

[Nb: most consonants don't have four different sounds, the broad and slender may sound the same].


The importance of Stráchan

Strachan are very important in Gaelic. For example, ‘bas’ — without a stràc on the ‘a’ — means the the part on the inside of your hand between the fingers and the wrist, or ‘palm’ in English. But ‘bàs’ — with a stràc on the ‘a’ — means the end of life, or ‘death’ in English. That's a pretty big difference!

Also, see the difference between feis and féis! 

Sounds of Combinations of Letters

My notes from the pronunciation videos on the Learn Gaelic website.

Ch - when used before or after the broad vowels, 'a' 'o' & 'u', is pronounced 'cchh' as in 'loch'. When used before or after the slender vowels, 'e' or 'i', sounds like 'chee' as in 'duilich'.

Mh & Bh - there is no 'v' in the Galeic alphabet, so the 'vuh' sound can be made by these two letter combinations, e.g. 'Mhór' and 'sibh'.

Dh - if used before the broad vowels, it's pronounced 'gu' (as in 'gut'). If it is used before slender vowels, it is pronounced 'yuh' (as in 'young'). When in the middle or at the end of a word it is silent when it follows the slender vowels, e.g. céilidh.

Fh - is silent, except for a small number of words, eg. fhichead. There are some words where it is not silent, but pronounced 'huh', eg. fhéin. 

Gh - is pronounced 'guh' when proximate to broad vowels, e.g. 'mo ghuth'. It's pronounced 'yuh' when followed by slender vowels, e.g. 'a' ghealach'. e.g. gealach. Gh in the middle or at the end of a word is silent when it follows the slender vowels, e.g. 'dachaigh'. 
 



This is not necessarily correct, but patterns I am noticing:

I - is often pronounced 'ee' - e.g. ím (eem); iasg (ee-asg); isean (eeshan); mi (mee)
Si is pronounced 'shee' - e.g. sinn (sheen); sithean (shee-an); sibhse (sheev-sha)
Ti is pronounced 'ch' - e.g. tioraidh (cheer-ee); tim (cheem); tioram (chi-ram)
Uis is pronounced 'oosh' - uisge (oosh-ga); úiseil (ooshall)
Bh is pronounced 'th' or 'v'
Dh is often silent or pronounced 'ig' when at the end of a word. 

Broad and Slender Vowels

In Scottish Gaelic, slender vowels (i and e) play a crucial role in spelling because they influence the way consonants are pronounced. 

Slender vowels cause nearby consonants to be pronounced differently compared to when they are next to broad vowels (a, o, u). For example, the consonant 'd' in 'dè' (what) sounds different from the 'd' in 'dà' (two).  

Spelling Rules: To maintain the correct pronunciation, Scottish Gaelic has a spelling rule called 'caol ri caol agus leathann ri leathann,' which means 'slender with slender and broad with broad.' This rule ensures that vowels on either side of a consonant match in type (both slender or both broad). 

Lenition


Lenition on verbs
  • striggered by the negative particle cha(n)
  • triggered by the negative interrogative/subordinating particle nach
  • triggered by past tense particles (do/null)/(do) dh’
  • triggered by the relative particle a
Lenition on nouns
  • triggered by some forms of the definite article an/a’
  • triggered by some possessive agreement markers
  • triggered by some prepositions:
- bho
- gu
- do
- anns a'
- air
- aig
  • triggered by the numerals aon ‘one’ and dhà ‘two’
  • realises some number/case inflection on nouns
    - words beginning with labials and velars in the masculine genitive after the article (after a' -- and an if before f) (also s --> t-s)
    - words beginning with labials and velars in the masculine dative after the article (after a' -- and an if before f) (also s--> t-s)
    - words beginning with labials and velars in the feminine common case after the article (after a' and an/__f) (also s --> t-s)
  • obligatory on right-hand member of some compounds
  • triggered by some derivational prefixes


Lenition on adjectives
  • triggered by intensifiers glè ‘very’, ro ‘too’, and fior ‘truly’
  • realises gender/number/case inflection on adjectives.after feminine nouns
  • after dative masculine nouns

GRAMMAR

[Nb: again I emphasise that I am learning Gaelic. These are simply my notes and should never be relied upon! I am simply creating them as and when required, which is essentially when they appear on Duolingo.]

Duolingo doesn't explicitly teach grammar, at least not yet. However, one intuitively learns the sentence structure. Sentences begin with the verb.

e.g. Tha ceic math, literally 'is cake good'; though this is not a question, but a statement, i.e. 'a cake is good'.

Also the noun appears to precede the adjective, e.g. caileag bheag, literally 'girl small'.  

Finally, the adjective has to agree with the noun's gender: 

e.g. 1. masc. feasgar math (lit. 'evening good')
e.g. 2 fem. maddain bhlath (lit. 'morning warm')


Determining a noun's gender

I don't want to have to learn the gender of every noun, so a quick internet search elicited the following blog post, which I'm hoping will help: 

https://blogs.ed.ac.uk/garg/2020/04/17/predicting-grammatical-gender-in-scottish-gaelic-with-machine-learning/

The author posts a list from a book published in 1923:

Masculine: -adh, -an/ean, as, ach, -aiche & -air.

Feminine: -ag, -achd/-eachd, -ad, /-ead, -e and -ir (for polysyllables only).


Jason, who produces the highly regarded YouTube channel Gaelic with Jason, has the following list for feminine nouns (click to enlarge):

The video is entitled How to Spot a Feminine Noun.


Column 2 - female nouns typically end in: -ag, -achd & -id.

Column 3 - female humans and animals, which are always feminine nouns, e.g. bò.

Column 4 - countries and languages are typically feminine, eg. gàidhlig.

Column 5 - the final vowel is 'i' or 'e', which are known as 'slender vowels'.


Lenition 

Lenition essentially means adding an 'h' after the first letter of the adjective, which changes the sound of the word, e.g. math (mah) & mhath (vah). Lenition doesn't apply to 'L', 'N' & 'R' (Non-Lenitable Rabble). 

Lenition appears to apply to adjectives describing female nouns, only.

Adjectives only lenite when they are the attribute to a noun. That's the type of sentence where you say something like "Calum has a silly sheep" - Tha caora ghòrach aig Calum.

Adjectives do not lenite when they are in predicate position, that's the type of sentence where you say "The sheep is silly" - Tha a' chaora gòrach.


[Nb: Adjectives in the first position - before the noun - are called ATTRIBUTIVE adjectives. Those in the second position - after the noun - are called PREDICATIVE adjectives.]


Sentence Structure

Typically, Gaelic sentences are formed of:

Verb - Subject - Everything else [adverbs follow the adjectives they're describing]

e.g. 1 - 'Tha sinn a' cluiche geama' (we are playing a game)


THE VERB 'TO BE' - BI

Bi is the singular imperative form, e.g. Bi faiceallach mus tuit thu! - 'be careful before you fall!', but is the headword used in dictionaries; it is one of the ten Irregular Verbs in Gaelic, so may cause confusion.

PRESENT TENSE

Tha is the present tense, independent form of the verb:


e.g. 1 - Tha mi toilichte - I am happy.
e.g. 2 - Chan eil peata aig Anna - Anna does not have a pet.
e.g. 3 - A bheil thu  à Sasainn? - Are you from England?
e.g. 4 - Nach eil e trang? - Isn't he busy?


HABITUAL PRESENT TENSE

Bidh is used to describe things done regularly and repeatedly. This is known as the habitual present. It is used in exactly same way as tha and bha.

Am bi thu a' ruith? - do you run?

Cha bhi i a' tighinn cómhla rinn. 

https://learngaelic.scot/grammar_hacks/bi.jsp

PAST TENSE

Bha is the independent form of the verb in the past tense, with robh being the dependent form:







[Duolingo - Section 2, Unit 9]

Past forms of the verb bi (tha) are independent bha and dependent robh. 

e.g. 1 - Bha mi anns a’ bhàta - I was in the boat,
e.g. 2 - An robh thu toilichte? - were you happy?
e.g. 3 - Cha robh mi sgíth - I was not tired.

FUTURE TENSE






PERSONAL PRONOUNS


Scottish Gaelic also has emphatic personal pronouns, which are used to emphasise the pronoun. They're also used when introducing oneself or others, e.g. Is mise Gabriel.


Reflective personal pronouns are used when referring back to another noun used int he same clause, e.g. 'Donald loves himself'.


Possessive Pronouns:



PREPOSITIONAL PRONOUNS

Gaelic doesn't have a direct translation for the verb "to have". Instead the preposition aig (at) is used to show possession.
e.g. 1 - Chan eil peata aig Anna.  (Anna does not have a pet - lit. does not have pet at Anna
e.g. 2 - Tha each geal aig Anna.  (Anna has a white horse - lit. has horse white at Anna.)

[! Nb: I initially confused 'aig' with 'air': the former (aig) means 'at' someone and indicates possession; the latter (air) means 'on' someone.]

Agam - I have (aig + mi)
Agad - you have (aig + thu)
Againn - we have (aig + sinn)
Agaibh - you have (aig + sibh)
Aige - he has (aig + e)
Aice - she has (aig + i)
Aca - they have (aig + iad)


Mise / Tusa / Sinne/ Sibhse

These words are used for emphasis or clarification:

Mise: This means 'I' or 'me', e.g. 'Is mise Iain.' (I am Ian.)
Tusa: This means 'you' (singular), e.g. 'Tusa a rinn e.'  (You did it.)
Sinne: This means 'we', e.g. 'Is sinne Calum agus Lilidh.' (We are Calum and Lily.)
Sibhse: This means 'you' (plural), e.g. 'Sibhse a thàinig an seo.'  (You all came here.)

They have been introduced in Duolingo preceded by the word 'Is', e.g.

'Is mise Seumas.' - (Is misha Seumas - I am James.)
'Is mise Anna.' - (I am Anna.)
'Is tusa Iain.' - (You are Iain)
Is sinne Iain agus Máiri.' - (We are Iain and Maíri.)
'Is sibhse na h-oileanaich.' - (iss sheevsha) (You are the students.)

! I found this confusing. Why say 'Is Mise...' when you can say 'Tha Mi...'? ChatGPT to the rescue once more: 

Key Differences:

Context and Emphasis: 'Tha mi' is used for general statements about one's current state or location.
'Is mise' is used to emphasise who you are, especially in introductions or when clarifying identity. Structure:

'Tha mi' follows the structure of "subject + verb" and is used with adjectives, locations, and ongoing actions.
* 'Is mise' follows the structure of "copula + emphatic pronoun" and is used with nouns to make a strong, clear statement about identity.

Examples to Illustrate the Difference
* Describing a State: "Tha mi toilichte." - "I am happy." This describes your current emotional state.
* Identifying Oneself:"Is mise an tidsear ùr." - "I am the new teacher." This identifies your role or who you are with emphasis.

Có...?

Có - who (is), where, whom

! Nb: Tusa lenites when preceded by Có:
* Có thusa? (coh oosa - Who are you? (singular)) 
* Có sibhse? (coh sheevsha - Who are you? (plural))

* Use "thusa" (oosa) after prepositions, possessive pronouns, and certain particles that require lenition.
* Use "tusa" in positive statements, questions, and when emphasising "you" without the influence of lenition-causing elements.


The preposition 'á'

Is used to state someone is from (or not from) a particular place. This is often used in response to the question, 'Cò às a tha thu?' - Where are you from?

e.g. 1 Chan eil Màrtainn à Barraigh (Mártainn is not from Barra)
e.g. 2 Tha mi à Barraigh. - I am from Barra.

When a place name has a definite article in front of it, use às instead of à.

This activates the dative: 
e.g. 1 Tha mi às a' Ghearasdan. - I am from Fort William.
e.g. 2 Tha mi às an Òban. - I am from Oban.
e.g. 3 Tha mi às na Hearadh. - I am from Harris.


Orm & Ort

The words 'orm' and 'ort' are prepositional pronouns used to indicate the preposition "on" combined with pronouns:
  • Orm - on me, e.g. 'Tha seacaid orm a-nis.'  (ha shak-adge oram a-niss - I have a jacket on now)
  • Ort - on you, e.g. 
For a third party, one can use the word 'air', e.g. 'Tha léine shnog air Seumas.' (Seumas has a nice shirt on)
For ownership, 'aig', e.g. 'Tha léine shnog aig Seumas.' (Seumas has a nice shirt)


THE VOCATIVE CASE

This is one of Gaelic's four cases: 
  • nominative - the 'normal' case.
  • vocative - used when addressing someone.
  • genitive - used to indicate possession.
  • dative - used when governed by prepositions.

The vocative case is used when directly addressing someone or something. It's like saying someone's name when you're talking to them.

Three rules:
  • Add "a": Put an "a" before the name when calling someone.
  • Lenite the name, if lenitable.
  • Gaelic drops the 'a' for vocative when the next syllable is a vowel.

The terms 'a-nis' & 'an-drásta'

I have been confused as to when I should use these, so consulted ChatPGT which stated the following:

*An-dràsta: Implies a sense of urgency or immediacy. It’s like saying "right now" or "at this exact moment."
e.g. 1 - "Tha mi trang an-dràsta."  (I am busy right now)
e.g. 2 - "Cuir fòn thugam an-dràsta." (Call me right now)

*A-nis: More generally means 'now', without the immediate urgency.
e.g. Tha mi a' dol dhachaigh a-nis."  (I am going home now)


Number Agreement

Aon (one)

The number one in Gaelic cause lenition on the noun that follows whenever possible:  

e.g. 1 - aon + bàta = aon bhàta (one boat)  
e.g. 2 - aon + piseag = aon phiseag (one kitten)

Nb: Aon does not lenite words beginning with s, d and t. It lenites words beginning with b, c, f, g, m and p. 

Dá (two)

The plural form of a noun is not used with the number two in Gaelic; the singular still applies. Dà also causes lenition on the noun that follows:  

e.g. 1 - dà + bàta = dà bhàta (two boats)  
e.g. 2 - dà + piseag = dà phiseag (two kittens)

Trí (three) and more

The accompanying noun is now pluralised

e.g. 1 - trì bàtaichean - three boats 
e.g. 2 - ceithir bàtaichean - four boats 
e.g. 3 - còig piseagan - five kittens


Cia mheud? - How many?

A common alternative to cia mheud is cò mheud, which means the same thing.

Unlike in English, Gaelic uses the singular form of the noun:

bàta - boat
bàtaichean - boats

Cia mheud bàta? - literally 'How many boat?'


THE DEFINITE ARTICLE

The definitive article in Gaelic changes according to a noun's gender, case and the number of the noun it defines. Gender is simply a way of classifying nouns which indicates how it behaves in a sentence, nothing more - it's either masculine or feminine.

The basic form of the article is 'an'. 

Feminine Nouns:

an is used before words beginning with:

  • consonants - except: b, c, g, m & p; sn, sl, sr & s + vowel
  • a vowel.
  • 'f' and followed by a vowel (these words are lenited - it appears that the 'fh' is silent).
  • 's' with the exception of those that are followed by a vowel and the Non-Lenitable Rebels (n, l & r).

  • If one considers an to be the basic form, then only the rules for a' and an t- need to be learned, as by default anything else is an.
  • a' is used before words beginning with: b, c, g, m & p. These are lenited.
  • an t- is used before: sn, sl, sr & s + vowel

Masculine Nouns:
  • an is used before masculine words beginning with: c, g, s, t, d, l, n, & r.
  • am is used before masculine words beginning with: b, f, m & p  [! Nb - these are all bilabials]
  • an t- is used before masculine words beginning with: a vowel (a, e, i, o & u)
  • There are, apparently, very few Gaelic words beginning with 'h', so no specific rule

Plural Nouns:

  • Na  is used before plural nouns beginning with a consonant, e.g. Na bàtaichean.
  • Na h-  is used before plural nouns beginning with a vowel, e.g. Na h-orainsearan.


Expressing Preferences
[Duolingo - Section 2, Unit 12]
  • Am bu toil leat/leibh...? - Would you like...?
            - Bu toil - yes 
            - Cha bu toil - no

  • An toil leat/leibh...? - Do you like...?
            - Is toil - yes
            - Cha toil - no

  • Nach robh...? - Wasn't there?



Expressing Feelings

Feelings are expressed as being 'on' (air) the person:
e.g. 1-  Tha an t-acras orm - I am hungry (lit. is the hunger on me)
e.g. 2 - Tha an t-eagal air Micheal - Michael is scared (lit. is the fear on Michael)

Unless, the person's feeling is directed at another party, in which case the possessor 'has' the feeling which is 'on' someone else:
e.g. 1 - Tha gaol agam ort - I love you (lit. love I have, on you)
e.g. 2 - Tha gráin aig Lilidh air pinc - Lily hates pink (lit. hate of/at Lily, on pink) 


Ann an vs anns an

Anns is a definite noun. Ann an is used when not using the definite article; 'in (a)' - Ann an/Ann am = in

e.g. 1 - anns an taigh = in the house
e.g. 2 - ann an taigh = in a house

THE DATIVE CASE

Best described as the Prepositional Case. However, the Dative Case does not really apply following non-definite prepositions, though some nouns lenite following a preposition, especially the ones ending in 'o', e.g. ro, tro and bho.

e.g. 1 - Ann am baile - in a town.
e.g. 2 - Aig banca - at a bank.
e.g. 3 - Còmhla ri caraid - with a friend.
e.g. 4 - Air bòrd - on a table.
e,g, 5 - Tro bhaile - through a bank. [Notice the noun lenites!]

The Dative case is used when a definite noun follows a preposition. The rules are exactly the same as for definite feminine nouns (i.e. the feminine noun)

  • an is used before words beginning with: 
    • consonants - except: b, c, g, m & p; sn, sl, sr & s + vowel
    • a vowel.
    • 'f' and followed by a vowel (these words are lenited - it appears that the 'fh' is silent).
    • 's' with the exception of those that are followed by a vowel and the Non-Lenitable Rebels (n, l & r)
  • a' is used before words beginning with: b, c, g, m & p. These are lenited.
  • an t- is used before: sn, sl, sr & s + vowel

So, essentially masculine definite articles become 'female', as in the nominative case:

e.g. 1 - an saoghal > anns an t-saoghal [add 'an t-' before 's']
e.g. 2 - am bórd mor  > a' bhórd mhór  [i.e. am becomes a' & is lenited]


Non-Lenitable Consonants (in the Dative Case)

SG, SM, SP, ST, D, L, N, R, T

e.g. 1 - an taigh: Anns an taigh (in the house)
e.g. 2 - an doras: Aig an doras (at the door)

Strictly speaking, feminine nouns should be slenderised (an extra i added) in the dative case.

Consider bòrd:
  • bòrd - a table
  • am bòrd - the table
  • air bòrd - at a table [no article, therefore noun does not change in any way]
  • air a' bhòrd - article, so now the dative rules apply; the definite article 'am' reduces an to a', and the moun lenites (just like feminine nouns [in nominative] with an article).
[Nb: for future use - some prepositions take the genitive case: by the side of the lake - ri taobh an locha
above of the mountain - thar na beinne
Pretty much all of those genitive ones can have an "of" in the translation]


Possession in Gaelic

There are two ways to indicate possession:

i) Alienable possession. Use of the definite article before the bound followed by the prepositional pronoun 'aig', 
e.g. 1. - An cat agam - my cat
e.g. 2. - An duine agad - your husband

ii) Inalienable possession. Use of possessive pronouns - i.e. mo, do, etc - which usually causes lenition.
e.g. 1 - mo làmh - my hand
e.g. 2. - do cheann - your head

Nb. when used with vowels, the possessive pronouns are contracted, e.g. d' athair - your father.


Adjectives which precede the noun

As a rule, adjectives come after the noun. However, there are some exceptions, these cause lenition:

Deagh (joo) - good 
Droch (droh-kch) - bad

Adjectives following plural vowels

Adjectives following plural nouns are lenited if possible, but lenition does not apply to adjectives starting with "m" (like "mòr"), along with N, L, R & S+vowels.

e.g. Na daoine mòra.

Le and Leis

  • Use "le" when followed by a name, a regular noun, or a vowel sound.
  • Use "leis" when followed by the definite article ("an/am"), a pronoun, or for smoother pronunciation.

'S e X a th' ann

This is a common construction in Scottish Gaelic, and I suspect Gàidhlig na h-Èireann, too.

'S - This is a contraction of is, the copula verb "to be" in Gaelic, used here to introduce an equational statement (saying something is equivalent to something else)

e - This is the pronoun "he" or "it," referring to the subject being described. In this construction, it acts as a placeholder for the thing being identified

X - This is the noun or description being inserted, such as togalach ("building") or poileas ("police officer").

a tha - This is a relative clause meaning "that is." a is the relative pronoun "that," and tha is the present tense of the verb bi ("to be").

ann - This means "there" or "in existence," often used to indicate presence or being.
So, literally, 'S e X a tha ann' translates to: "It is X that is there" or "It is X that exists."


List of Gaelic Resources:

Acair Books - https://acairbooks.com/

BBC Gaelic Revision - https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/subjects/zqnygk7

Beag air Bheag - https://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/

Ceolas - https://www.ceolas.co.uk/

Ceumannan - https://storlann.co.uk/ceumannan/

Cleachdi - https://www.cleachdi.scot/ [very useful for finding Gaelic events]

Daily Gaelic - https://daily-gaelic-school.thinkific.com/

Duolingo (history of courses) - https://duolingodata.com

e-sgoil - https://www.e-sgoil.com/gaidhlig/

Fandom Gaelic - https://duonotes.fandom.com/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic

Gaelic forum - https://www.foramnagaidhlig.net/ 

Gaelic Grammar Wiki - https://gaelicgrammar.org/

Gaelic Run (Grammar game) - https://gaelicrun.gordonmaloney.info/play

Gaelic suffixes - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Scottish_Gaelic_suffixes

Gaelic with Jason - https://www.youtube.com/c/GaelicwithJason

Google in Gaelic - https://www.google.com/webhp?hl=gd 

Guide to verb 'to be' - https://www.celtic-languages.org/Guide_to_Scottish_Gaelic_to_be,_the_linking_verbs:_substantive_bi,_tha_%26_the_copula_is 

Guide to pronunciation - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Scottish_Gaelic_pronunciation

Learn Gaelic's Grammar Hacks - https://learngaelic.scot/grammar_hacks/

Love Gaelic - https://www.lovegaelic.com/

Slighe - https://www.slighe.org/

The Grammar of Scottish Gaelic - https://lingsocmonash.wordpress.com/2018/04/06/the-grammar-of-scottish-gaelic-part-2/


Notes for future use:

aig is used to express possession (what you have, whether or not you own it)
le is used to express ownership (whether or not you currently have it)

Past tense
In some cases an sin = ann, e.g. Cha robh mi an sin madainn an-dè = Cha robh mi ann madainn an-dè.
I was there yesterday morning - Bha mi ann madainn an-dè
Was she climbing - An robh i a' sreap?


"Tha x ann" is how gaidhlig expresses existentials. It helps to think of it as equivalent to "there is X" vs "X is there", the former describes existence while the latter describes location. It is only by coincidence that English uses the word "there" in both.

Nb:

'Cò às a tha thu' actually means 'who' are you from, i.e. what family or social/clan group are you from. (Which then automatically told people the township, island or area, traditionally speaking.) So it's a traditional way of thinking about place that's all part of the heritage, the 'dualchas', that is built into a language. [Source: https://www.foramnagaidhlig.net/foram/viewtopic.php?t=1965&start=60]

1) When you start a sentence with NACH or any other part of the verb IS, and follow it immediately by a preposition (in this case, LE) you have to insert ANN. I don't know why or how to translate it. I note the two people who have offered translations have ignored it.
2) Yes, LE translates as "with" but note that in Scottish Gaelic, it's only used for ownership, rather than simply "having". For anyone who knows Irish or Welsh, note the difference in that Irish LE and Welsh GYDA (both "with") are used for "having" with no implication of ownership.




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